Speaker
Description
Body representation is quite plastic and may even allow to incorporate external effectors, such as tools, prosthesis, or virtual avatars into our body representation. The process of representing these elements as parts of us is known as ‘embodiment’. Various factors can improve the possibility of embodying an effector to the upper limb: among these, tactile feedback is recently acquiring relevance. Nonetheless, the impact of tactile feedback in its different forms on embodiment of external effectors to the upper limb is still ill-defined. To have a clearer understanding, we systematically reviewed how nociceptive, thermal, or haptic (vibrotactile, pressured and force) feedback influences the embodiment of upper limb effectors in controlled studies. Sixty-eight studies acquired from the PubMed®, Scopus®, and ACM Digital Library® databases were included to perform this qualitative evaluation. Overall, although a disparity in the number of studies encountered across the various feedback forms, haptic and thermal feedback enhance the chances of incorporating an external effector, whereas nociceptive feedback is the least impactful modality on the sense of incorporation and more studies are necessary to assess its role. This systematic review sheds light on the importance of delivering different forms of tactile feedback to achieve the highest form of embodiment, which can be of extreme usefulness in the field of prosthesis and virtual reality.
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